A fraction is an expression of the form  , where  a  and  b  are called, respectively, the numerator and denominator.

The numerator and denominator can be represented by any real numbers or expressions. However, the denominator can not be equal to zero.

Fractions have the following properties:

1. A fraction keeps its value if both the numerator and denominator are multiplied by a non-zero number:

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   The property is uses in order
   –  to reduce fractions to a common denominator;
   –  to simplify a fraction by canceling common factors in the numerator and denominator.
2. In order to add fractions with common denominators, add together the numerators, keepping the denominator:

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3. The subtraction rule for fractions with equal denominators is similar to the addition rule:

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4. In order to add (or subtract) fractions with different denominators, reduce the fractions to a common denominator; then add (or subtract) the fractions with equal denominators.

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5. To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators and denominators separately:

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6. To divide a quantity by a fraction, multiply the quantity by the reciprocal fraction:

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