Lithosphere is a “stone” cover of the Earth; it includes Earth crust and underlying hard layer of upper mantle till asthenosphere. Inside the lithosphere people study directly geological processes, define existence conditions of biosphere.

Formation peculiarities, hypotheses and theories of evolution, ecological functions, and the role of lithosphere for transition from inorganic to organic matter and abiogenesis on the Earth are detailed here.

The discipline allows forming basic and systematized knowledge in geological sciences and general materialistic understanding of nature and natural-science sense of the whole worldview.