In some instances, a model can be developed which is simple enough to be "solved" by mathematical methods. Such solutions may be found by the use of differential calculus, probability theory, algebraic methods, or other mathematical techniques. The solution usually consists of one or more numerical parameters, which are called measures of performance of the system. However, many real-world systems are so complex that models of these systems are virtually impossible to solve mathematically. In these instances, numerical, computer-based simulation can be used to imitate the behavior of the system over time. From the simulation, data are collected as if a real system were being observed. This simulation-generated data is used to estimate the measures of performance of the system.

The given course offers a brief account of systems modeling theory fundamentals, presents various types of classifications of modeling and models, and addresses the mathematical framework of modeling processes and systems, methodologies of structural analysis, and methods and tools of systems simulation modeling.