Красноярский государственный университет, химический факультет 660041, Россия, г.Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79, e-mail: кафедра физической химии
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Средний коэффициент активности электролитов при 25 0С
м/мoл*кг-1 |
AgNO3 |
BaBr2 |
BaCl2 |
BaI2 |
CaBr2 |
CaCl2 |
CaI2 |
0.001 |
0.964 |
0.881 |
0.887 |
0.890 |
0.890 |
0.888 |
0.890 |
0.002 |
0.950 |
0.850 |
0.849 |
0.853 |
0.853 |
0.851 |
0.853 |
0.005 |
0.924 |
0.785 |
0.782 |
0.792 |
0.791 |
0.787 |
0.791 |
0.010 |
0.896 |
0.727 |
0.721 |
0.737 |
0.735 |
0.727 |
0.736 |
0.020 |
0.859 |
0.661 |
0.653 |
0.678 |
0.674 |
0.664 |
0.677 |
0.050 |
0.794 |
0.573 |
0.559 |
0.600 |
0.594 |
0.577 |
0.600 |
0.100 |
0.732 |
0.517 |
0.492 |
0.551 |
0.540 |
0.517 |
0.552 |
0.200 |
0.656 |
0.463 |
0.436 |
0.520 |
0.502 |
0.469 |
0.524 |
0.500 |
0.536 |
0.435 |
0.391 |
0.536 |
0.500 |
0.444 |
0.554 |
1.000 |
0.430 |
0.470 |
0.393 |
0.664 |
0.604 |
0.495 |
0.729 |
2.000 |
0.316 |
0.654 |
|
1.242 |
1.125 |
0.784 |
|
5.000 |
0.181 |
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18.7 |
5.907 |
|
10.000 |
0.108 |
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43.1 |
|
15.000 |
0.085 |
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м/мoл*кг-1
|
Cd(NO2)2 |
Cd(NO3)2 |
CoBr2 |
CoCl2 |
CoI2 |
Co(NO3)2 |
CsBr |
0.001 |
0.881 |
0.888 |
0.890 |
0.889 |
0.887 |
0.888 |
0.965 |
0.002 |
0.837 |
0.851 |
0.854 |
0.852 |
0.849 |
0.850 |
0.951 |
0.005 |
0.759 |
0.787 |
0.794 |
0.789 |
0.783 |
0.786 |
0.925 |
0.010 |
0.681 |
0.728 |
0.740 |
0.732 |
0.724 |
0.728 |
0.898 |
0.020 |
0.589 |
0.664 |
0.681 |
0.670 |
0.661 |
0.663 |
0.864 |
0.050 |
0.451 |
0.576 |
0.605 |
0.586 |
0.582 |
0.576 |
0.806 |
0.100 |
0.344 |
0.515 |
0.556 |
0.528 |
0.540 |
0.516 |
0.752 |
0.200 |
0.247 |
0.465 |
0.523 |
0.483 |
0.527 |
0.469 |
0.691 |
0.500 |
0.148 |
0.428 |
0.538 |
0.465 |
0.596 |
0.446 |
0.605 |
1.000 |
0.098 |
0.437 |
0.685 |
0.532 |
0.845 |
0.492 |
0.540 |
2.000 |
0.069 |
0.517 |
1.421 |
0.864 |
2.287 |
0.722 |
0.485 |
5.000 |
0.054 |
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13.9 |
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55.3 |
3.338 |
0.454 |
10.000 |
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|
196 |
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м/мoл*кг-1
|
CsCl |
CsF |
CsI |
CsNO3 |
CsOH |
Cs2SO4 |
CuBr2 |
0.001 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.964 |
0.966 |
0.885 |
0.889 |
0.002 |
0.951 |
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.951 |
0.953 |
0.845 |
0.853 |
0.005 |
0.925 |
0.929 |
0.925 |
0.924 |
0.930 |
0.775 |
0.791 |
0.010 |
0.898 |
0.905 |
0.898 |
0.897 |
0.906 |
0.709 |
0.735 |
0.020 |
0.864 |
0.876 |
0.863 |
0.860 |
0.878 |
0.634 |
0.674 |
0.050 |
0.805 |
0.830 |
0.804 |
0.796 |
0.836 |
0.526 |
0.594 |
0.100 |
0.751 |
0.792 |
0.749 |
0.733 |
0.802 |
0.444 |
0.541 |
0.200 |
0.691 |
0.755 |
0.688 |
0.655 |
0.772 |
0.369 |
0.504 |
0.500 |
0.607 |
0.721 |
0.601 |
0.529 |
0.755 |
0.285 |
0.503 |
1.000 |
0.546 |
0.726 |
0.534 |
0.421 |
0.782 |
0.233 |
0.591 |
2.000 |
0.496 |
0.803 |
0.470 |
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0.859 |
5.000 |
0.474 |
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10.000 |
0.508 |
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м/мoл*кг-1
|
CuCl2 |
Cu(ClO4)2 |
Cu(NO3)2 |
FeCl2 |
HBr |
HCl |
HClO4 |
0.001 |
0.887 |
0.890 |
0.888 |
0.888 |
0.966 |
0.965 |
0.966 |
0.002 |
0.849 |
0.854 |
0.851 |
0.850 |
0.953 |
0.952 |
0.953 |
0.005 |
0.783 |
0.795 |
0.787 |
0.785 |
0.930 |
0.929 |
0.929 |
0.010 |
0.722 |
0.741 |
0.729 |
0.725 |
0.907 |
0.905 |
0.906 |
0.020 |
0.654 |
0.685 |
0.664 |
0.659 |
0.879 |
0.876 |
0.878 |
0.050 |
0.561 |
0.613 |
0.577 |
0.570 |
0.837 |
0.832 |
0.836 |
0.100 |
0.495 |
0.572 |
0.516 |
0.509 |
0.806 |
0.797 |
0.803 |
0.200 |
0.441 |
0.553 |
0.466 |
0.462 |
0.783 |
0.768 |
0.776 |
0.500 |
0.401 |
0.617 |
0.431 |
0.443 |
0.790 |
0.759 |
0.769 |
1.000 |
0.405 |
0.892 |
0.456 |
0.500 |
0.872 |
0.811 |
0.826 |
2.000 |
0.453 |
2.445 |
0.615 |
0.782 |
1.167 |
1.009 |
1.055 |
5.000 |
0.601 |
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2.083 |
|
3.800 |
2.380 |
3.100 |
10.000 |
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33.4 |
10.4 |
30.8 |
15.000 |
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323 |
м/мoл*кг-1
|
HF |
HI |
HNO3 |
H2SO4 |
KBr |
KCNS |
KCl |
0.001 |
0.551 |
0.966 |
0.965 |
0.804 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.002 |
0.429 |
0.953 |
0.952 |
0.740 |
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.951 |
0.005 |
0.302 |
0.931 |
0.929 |
0.634 |
0.927 |
0.927 |
0.927 |
0.010 |
0.225 |
0.909 |
0.905 |
0.542 |
0.902 |
0.901 |
0.901 |
0.020 |
0.163 |
0.884 |
0.875 |
0.445 |
0.870 |
0.869 |
0.869 |
0.050 |
0.106 |
0.847 |
0.829 |
0.325 |
0.817 |
0.815 |
0.816 |
0.100 |
0.0766 |
0.823 |
0.792 |
0.251 |
0.771 |
0.768 |
0.768 |
0.200 |
0.0550 |
0.811 |
0.756 |
0.195 |
0.772 |
0.716 |
0.717 |
0.500 |
0.0352 |
0.845 |
0.725 |
0.146 |
0.658 |
0.647 |
0.649 |
1.000 |
0.0249 |
0.969 |
0.730 |
0.125 |
0.617 |
0.598 |
0.604 |
2.000 |
0.0175 |
1.363 |
0.788 |
0.119 |
0.593 |
0.556 |
0.573 |
5.000 |
0.0110 |
4.760 |
1.063 |
0.197 |
0.626 |
0.525 |
0.593 |
10.000 |
0.0085 |
49.100 |
1.644 |
0.527 |
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|
|
15.000 |
0.0077 |
|
2.212 |
1.077 |
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20.000 |
0.0075 |
|
2.607 |
1.701 |
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м/мoл*кг-1
|
KClO3 |
K2CrO4 |
KF |
KH2PO4* |
K2HPO4** |
KI |
KNO3 |
0.001 |
0.965 |
0.886 |
0.965 |
0.964 |
0.886 |
0.965 |
0.964 |
0.002 |
0.951 |
0.847 |
0.952 |
0.950 |
0.847 |
0.952 |
0.950 |
0.005 |
0.926 |
0.779 |
0.927 |
0.924 |
0.779 |
0.927 |
0.924 |
0.010 |
0.899 |
0.715 |
0.902 |
0.896 |
0.715 |
0.902 |
0.896 |
0.020 |
0.865 |
0.643 |
0.870 |
0.859 |
0.643 |
0.871 |
0.860 |
0.050 |
0.805 |
0.539 |
0.818 |
0.793 |
0.538 |
0.820 |
0.797 |
0.100 |
0.749 |
0.460 |
0.773 |
0.730 |
0.457 |
0.776 |
0.735 |
0.200 |
0.681 |
0.385 |
0.726 |
0.652 |
0.379 |
0.731 |
0.662 |
0.500 |
0.569 |
0.296 |
0.670 |
0.529 |
0.283 |
0.676 |
0.546 |
1.000 |
|
0.239 |
0.645 |
0.422 |
|
0.646 |
0.444 |
2.000 |
|
0.199 |
0.658 |
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|
0.638 |
0.332 |
5.000 |
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|
0.871 |
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|
10.000 |
|
|
1.715 |
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|
15.000 |
|
|
3.120 |
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м/мoл*кг-1
|
KOH |
K2SO4 |
LiBr |
LiCl |
LiClO4 |
LiI |
LiNO3 |
0.001 |
0.965 |
0.885 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.966 |
0.966 |
0.965 |
0.002 |
0.952 |
0.844 |
0.952 |
0.952 |
0.953 |
0.953 |
0.952 |
0.005 |
0.927 |
0.772 |
0.929 |
0.928 |
0.931 |
0.930 |
0.928 |
0.010 |
0.902 |
0.704 |
0.905 |
0.904 |
0.908 |
0.908 |
0.904 |
0.020 |
0.871 |
0.625 |
0.877 |
0.874 |
0.882 |
0.882 |
0.874 |
0.050 |
0.821 |
0.511 |
0.832 |
0.827 |
0.843 |
0.843 |
0.827 |
0.100 |
0.779 |
0.424 |
0.797 |
0.789 |
0.815 |
0.817 |
0.788 |
0.200 |
0.740 |
0.343 |
0.767 |
0.756 |
0.795 |
0.802 |
0.753 |
0.500 |
0.710 |
0.251 |
0.754 |
0.739 |
0.806 |
0.824 |
0.726 |
1.000 |
0.733 |
|
0.803 |
0.775 |
0.887 |
0.912 |
0.743 |
2.000 |
0.860 |
|
1.012 |
0.924 |
1.161 |
1.197 |
0.837 |
5.000 |
1.697 |
|
2.696 |
2.000 |
|
|
1.298 |
10.000 |
6.110 |
|
20.0 |
9.600 |
|
|
2.500 |
15.000 |
19.9 |
|
147 |
30.9 |
|
|
3.960 |
20.000 |
46.4 |
|
486 |
|
|
|
4.970 |
м/мoл*кг-1
|
LiOH |
Li2SO4 |
MgBr2 |
MgCl2 |
MgI2 |
MnBr2 |
MnCl2 |
0.001 |
0.964 |
0.887 |
0.889 |
0.889 |
0.889 |
0.889 |
0.888 |
0.002 |
0.950 |
0.847 |
0.852 |
0.852 |
0.853 |
0.853 |
0.850 |
0.005 |
0.923 |
0.780 |
0.790 |
0.790 |
0.791 |
0.791 |
0.786 |
0.010 |
0.895 |
0.716 |
0.733 |
0.734 |
0.736 |
0.735 |
0.727 |
0.020 |
0.858 |
0.645 |
0.672 |
0.672 |
0.677 |
0.674 |
0.662 |
0.050 |
0.794 |
0.544 |
0.593 |
0.590 |
0.602 |
0.595 |
0.574 |
0.100 |
0.735 |
0.469 |
0.543 |
0.535 |
0.556 |
0.543 |
0.513 |
0.200 |
0.668 |
0.400 |
0.512 |
0.493 |
0.535 |
0.508 |
0.464 |
0.500 |
0.579 |
0.325 |
0.540 |
0.485 |
0.594 |
0.519 |
0.437 |
1.000 |
0.522 |
0.284 |
0.715 |
0.577 |
0.858 |
0.650 |
0.477 |
2.000 |
0.484 |
0.270 |
1.590 |
1.065 |
2.326 |
1.224 |
0.661 |
5.000 |
0.493 |
|
36.1 |
14.40 |
109.8 |
6.697 |
1.539 |
м/мoл*кг-1
|
Mn(ClO4)2 |
NH4Cl |
NH4ClO4 |
(NH4)2HPO4 ** |
NH4NO3 |
NaBr |
NaBrO3 |
0.001 |
0.892 |
0.965 |
0.964 |
0.882 |
0.964 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.002 |
0.858 |
0.952 |
0.950 |
0.839 |
0.951 |
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.005 |
0.801 |
0.927 |
0.924 |
0.763 |
0.925 |
0.928 |
0.926 |
0.010 |
0.752 |
0.901 |
0.895 |
0.688 |
0.897 |
0.903 |
0.900 |
0.020 |
0.700 |
0.869 |
0.859 |
0.600 |
0.862 |
0.873 |
0.867 |
0.050 |
0.637 |
0.816 |
0.794 |
0.469 |
0.801 |
0.824 |
0.811 |
0.100 |
0.604 |
0.769 |
0.734 |
0.367 |
0.744 |
0.783 |
0.759 |
0.200 |
0.596 |
0.718 |
0.663 |
0.273 |
0.678 |
0.742 |
0.698 |
0.500 |
0.686 |
0.649 |
0.560 |
0.171 |
0.582 |
0.697 |
0.605 |
1.000 |
1.030 |
0.603 |
0.479 |
0.114 |
0.502 |
0.687 |
0.528 |
2.000 |
3.072 |
0.569 |
0.399 |
0.074 |
0.419 |
0.730 |
0.449 |
5.000 |
|
0.563 |
|
|
0.303 |
1.083 |
|
10.000 |
|
|
|
|
0.220 |
|
|
15.000 |
|
|
|
|
0.179 |
|
|
20.000 |
|
|
|
|
0.154 |
|
|
м/мoл*кг-1
|
Na2CO3 |
NaCl |
NaClO3 |
NaClO4 |
Na2CrO4 |
NaF |
Na2HPO4* |
0.001 |
0.887 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.887 |
0.965 |
0.887 |
0.002 |
0.847 |
0.952 |
0.952 |
0.952 |
0.849 |
0.951 |
0.848 |
0.005 |
0.780 |
0.928 |
0.927 |
0.928 |
0.783 |
0.926 |
0.780 |
0.010 |
0.716 |
0.903 |
0.902 |
0.903 |
0.722 |
0.901 |
0.717 |
0.020 |
0.644 |
0.872 |
0.870 |
0.872 |
0.653 |
0.868 |
0.644 |
0.050 |
0.541 |
0.822 |
0.818 |
0.821 |
0.554 |
0.813 |
0.539 |
0.100 |
0.462 |
0.779 |
0.771 |
0.777 |
0.479 |
0.764 |
0.456 |
0.200 |
0.385 |
0.734 |
0.719 |
0.729 |
0.406 |
0.710 |
0.373 |
0.500 |
0.292 |
0.681 |
0.646 |
0.668 |
0.318 |
0.633 |
0.266 |
1.000 |
0.229 |
0.657 |
0.590 |
0.630 |
0.261 |
0.573 |
0.191 |
2.000 |
0.182 |
0.668 |
0.537 |
0.608 |
0.231 |
|
0.133 |
5.000 |
|
0.874 |
|
0.648 |
|
|
|
м/мoл*кг-1
|
NaI |
NaNO3 |
NaOH |
Na2SO3 |
Na2SO4 |
Na2WO4 |
NiBr2 |
0.001 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.887 |
0.886 |
0.886 |
0.889 |
0.002 |
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.952 |
0.847 |
0.846 |
0.846 |
0.853 |
0.005 |
0.928 |
0.926 |
0.927 |
0.779 |
0.777 |
0.777 |
0.791 |
0.010 |
0.904 |
0.900 |
0.902 |
0.716 |
0.712 |
0.712 |
0.735 |
0.020 |
0.874 |
0.866 |
0.870 |
0.644 |
0.637 |
0.638 |
0.675 |
0.050 |
0.827 |
0.810 |
0.819 |
0.540 |
0.529 |
0.534 |
0.596 |
0.100 |
0.789 |
0.759 |
0.775 |
0.462 |
0.446 |
0.457 |
0.546 |
0.200 |
0.753 |
0.701 |
0.731 |
0.386 |
0.366 |
0.388 |
0.514 |
0.500 |
0.722 |
0.617 |
0.685 |
0.296 |
0.268 |
0.320 |
0.535 |
1.000 |
0.734 |
0.550 |
0.674 |
0.237 |
0.204 |
0.291 |
0.692 |
2.000 |
0.823 |
0.480 |
0.714 |
0.196 |
0.155 |
0.291 |
1.476 |
5.000 |
1.402 |
0.388 |
1.076 |
|
|
|
|
10.000 |
4.011 |
0.329 |
3.258 |
|
|
|
|
15.000 |
|
|
9.796 |
|
|
|
|
20.000 |
|
|
19.410 |
|
|
|
|
м/мoл*кг-1
|
NiCl2 |
Ni(ClO4)2 |
Ni(NO3)2 |
Pb(ClO4)2 |
Pb(NO3)2 |
RbBr |
RbCl |
0.001 |
0.889 |
0.891 |
0.889 |
0.889 |
0.882 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.002 |
0.852 |
0.855 |
0.851 |
0.851 |
0.840 |
0.951 |
0.951 |
0.005 |
0.789 |
0.797 |
0.787 |
0.787 |
0.764 |
0.926 |
0.926 |
0.010 |
0.732 |
0.745 |
0.730 |
0.729 |
0.690 |
0.900 |
0.900 |
0.020 |
0.669 |
0.690 |
0.666 |
0.666 |
0.604 |
0.866 |
0.867 |
0.050 |
0.584 |
0.621 |
0.581 |
0.580 |
0.476 |
0.811 |
0.811 |
0.100 |
0.527 |
0.582 |
0.524 |
0.522 |
0.379 |
0.760 |
0.761 |
0.100 |
0.527 |
0.582 |
0.524 |
0.522 |
0.379 |
0.760 |
0.761 |
0.200 |
0.482 |
0.567 |
0.481 |
0.476 |
0.291 |
0.705 |
0.707 |
0.500 |
0.465 |
0.639 |
0.467 |
0.458 |
0.195 |
0.630 |
0.633 |
1.000 |
0.538 |
0.946 |
0.528 |
0.516 |
0.136 |
0.578 |
0.583 |
2.000 |
0.915 |
2.812 |
0.797 |
0.799 |
|
0.535 |
0.546 |
5.000 |
4.785 |
|
|
4.043 |
|
0.514 |
0.544 |
10.000 |
|
|
|
33.8 |
|
|
|
м/мoл*кг-1
|
RbF |
RbI |
RbNO3 |
Rb2SO4 |
SrBr2 |
SrCl2 |
SrI2 |
0.001 |
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.964 |
0.886 |
0.889 |
0.888 |
0.890 |
0.002 |
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.950 |
0.845 |
0.852 |
0.850 |
0.854 |
0.005 |
0.927 |
0.926 |
0.924 |
0.776 |
0.790 |
0.785 |
0.793 |
0.010 |
0.902 |
0.900 |
0.896 |
0.710 |
0.734 |
0.725 |
0.740 |
0.020 |
0.871 |
0.866 |
0.859 |
0.635 |
0.673 |
0.659 |
0.681 |
0.050 |
0.821 |
0.810 |
0.795 |
0.526 |
0.591 |
0.569 |
0.606 |
0.100 |
0.780 |
0.759 |
0.733 |
0.443 |
0.535 |
0.506 |
0.557 |
0.200 |
0.739 |
0.703 |
0.657 |
0.365 |
0.492 |
0.455 |
0.526 |
0.500 |
0.701 |
0.627 |
0.536 |
0.274 |
0.476 |
0.421 |
0.542 |
1.000 |
0.697 |
0.574 |
0.430 |
0.217 |
0.545 |
0.451 |
0.686 |
2.000 |
0.724 |
0.532 |
0.320 |
|
0.921 |
0.650 |
|
5.000 |
|
0.517 |
|
|
|
|
|
м/мoл*кг-1
|
UO2Cl2 |
UO2(NO3)2 |
ZnBr2 |
ZnCl2 |
ZnI2 |
|
|
0.001 |
0.888 |
0.888 |
0.890 |
0.887 |
0.893 |
|
|
0.002 |
0.851 |
0.849 |
0.854 |
0.847 |
0.859 |
|
|
0.005 |
0.787 |
0.784 |
0.794 |
0.781 |
0.804 |
|
|
0.010 |
0.729 |
0.726 |
0.741 |
0.719 |
0.757 |
|
|
0.020 |
0.666 |
0.663 |
0.683 |
0.652 |
0.708 |
|
|
0.050 |
0.583 |
0.583 |
0.606 |
0.561 |
0.644 |
|
|
0.100 |
0.529 |
0.535 |
0.553 |
0.499 |
0.601 |
|
|
0.200 |
0.493 |
0.509 |
0.515 |
0.447 |
0.574 |
|
|
0.500 |
0.501 |
0.532 |
0.516 |
0.384 |
0.635 |
|
|
1.000 |
0.601 |
0.673 |
0.558 |
0.330 |
0.836 |
|
|
2.000 |
0.948 |
1.223 |
0.578 |
0.283 |
1.062 |
|
|
5.000 |
|
3.020 |
0.788 |
0.342 |
1.546 |
|
|
10.000 |
|
|
2.317 |
0.876 |
4.698 |
|
|
15.000 |
|
|
5.381 |
1.914 |
|
|
|
20.000 |
|
|
7.965 |
2.968 |
|
|
|
Средний коэффициент активности электролита XaYb расчитывается:
где γ+ и γ– активные коэффициенты индивидуальных ионов (которые не могут быть прямо измерены). В таблице приведен средний коэффициент активности электролитов в водных растворах как функция от концентрации.
* анион H2PO4–.
** анион HPO4–2.
Данные взяты из работ:
- Hamer,W. J., and Wu, Y. C., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1, 1047, 1972.
- Staples, B. R., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6, 385, 1977; 10, 767, 1981; 10, 779, 1981.
- Goldberg, R. N. et al., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 7, 263, 1978; 8, 923, 1979; 8, 1005, 1979; 10, 1, 1981; 10, 671, 1981.
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