Красноярский государственный университет, химический факультет
660041, Россия, г.Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79, e-mail:
кафедра физической химии
информация Кристалл Технологии Наука Образование Главная

Средний коэффициент активности электролитов при 25 0С

м/мoл*кг-1

AgNO3

BaBr2

BaCl2

BaI2

CaBr2

CaCl2

CaI2

0.001

0.964

0.881

0.887

0.890

0.890

0.888

0.890

0.002

0.950

0.850

0.849

0.853

0.853

0.851

0.853

0.005

0.924

0.785

0.782

0.792

0.791

0.787

0.791

0.010

0.896

0.727

0.721

0.737

0.735

0.727

0.736

0.020

0.859

0.661

0.653

0.678

0.674

0.664

0.677

0.050

0.794

0.573

0.559

0.600

0.594

0.577

0.600

0.100

0.732

0.517

0.492

0.551

0.540

0.517

0.552

0.200

0.656

0.463

0.436

0.520

0.502

0.469

0.524

0.500

0.536

0.435

0.391

0.536

0.500

0.444

0.554

1.000

0.430

0.470

0.393

0.664

0.604

0.495

0.729

2.000

0.316

0.654

 

1.242

1.125

0.784

 

5.000

0.181

     

18.7

5.907

 

10.000

0.108

       

43.1

 

15.000

0.085

           

м/мoл*кг-1

Cd(NO2)2

Cd(NO3)2

CoBr2

CoCl2

CoI2

Co(NO3)2

CsBr

0.001

0.881

0.888

0.890

0.889

0.887

0.888

0.965

0.002

0.837

0.851

0.854

0.852

0.849

0.850

0.951

0.005

0.759

0.787

0.794

0.789

0.783

0.786

0.925

0.010

0.681

0.728

0.740

0.732

0.724

0.728

0.898

0.020

0.589

0.664

0.681

0.670

0.661

0.663

0.864

0.050

0.451

0.576

0.605

0.586

0.582

0.576

0.806

0.100

0.344

0.515

0.556

0.528

0.540

0.516

0.752

0.200

0.247

0.465

0.523

0.483

0.527

0.469

0.691

0.500

0.148

0.428

0.538

0.465

0.596

0.446

0.605

1.000

0.098

0.437

0.685

0.532

0.845

0.492

0.540

2.000

0.069

0.517

1.421

0.864

2.287

0.722

0.485

5.000

0.054

 

13.9

 

55.3

3.338

0.454

10.000

       

196

   

м/мoл*кг-1

CsCl

CsF

CsI

CsNO3

CsOH

Cs2SO4

CuBr2

0.001

0.965

0.965

0.965

0.964

0.966

0.885

0.889

0.002

0.951

0.952

0.951

0.951

0.953

0.845

0.853

0.005

0.925

0.929

0.925

0.924

0.930

0.775

0.791

0.010

0.898

0.905

0.898

0.897

0.906

0.709

0.735

0.020

0.864

0.876

0.863

0.860

0.878

0.634

0.674

0.050

0.805

0.830

0.804

0.796

0.836

0.526

0.594

0.100

0.751

0.792

0.749

0.733

0.802

0.444

0.541

0.200

0.691

0.755

0.688

0.655

0.772

0.369

0.504

0.500

0.607

0.721

0.601

0.529

0.755

0.285

0.503

1.000

0.546

0.726

0.534

0.421

0.782

0.233

0.591

2.000

0.496

0.803

0.470

     

0.859

5.000

0.474

           

10.000

0.508

           

м/мoл*кг-1

CuCl2

Cu(ClO4)2

Cu(NO3)2

FeCl2

HBr

HCl

HClO4

0.001

0.887

0.890

0.888

0.888

0.966

0.965

0.966

0.002

0.849

0.854

0.851

0.850

0.953

0.952

0.953

0.005

0.783

0.795

0.787

0.785

0.930

0.929

0.929

0.010

0.722

0.741

0.729

0.725

0.907

0.905

0.906

0.020

0.654

0.685

0.664

0.659

0.879

0.876

0.878

0.050

0.561

0.613

0.577

0.570

0.837

0.832

0.836

0.100

0.495

0.572

0.516

0.509

0.806

0.797

0.803

0.200

0.441

0.553

0.466

0.462

0.783

0.768

0.776

0.500

0.401

0.617

0.431

0.443

0.790

0.759

0.769

1.000

0.405

0.892

0.456

0.500

0.872

0.811

0.826

2.000

0.453

2.445

0.615

0.782

1.167

1.009

1.055

5.000

0.601

 

2.083

 

3.800

2.380

3.100

10.000

       

33.4

10.4

30.8

15.000

           

323

м/мoл*кг-1

HF

HI

HNO3

H2SO4

KBr

KCNS

KCl

0.001

0.551

0.966

0.965

0.804

0.965

0.965

0.965

0.002

0.429

0.953

0.952

0.740

0.952

0.951

0.951

0.005

0.302

0.931

0.929

0.634

0.927

0.927

0.927

0.010

0.225

0.909

0.905

0.542

0.902

0.901

0.901

0.020

0.163

0.884

0.875

0.445

0.870

0.869

0.869

0.050

0.106

0.847

0.829

0.325

0.817

0.815

0.816

0.100

0.0766

0.823

0.792

0.251

0.771

0.768

0.768

0.200

0.0550

0.811

0.756

0.195

0.772

0.716

0.717

0.500

0.0352

0.845

0.725

0.146

0.658

0.647

0.649

1.000

0.0249

0.969

0.730

0.125

0.617

0.598

0.604

2.000

0.0175

1.363

0.788

0.119

0.593

0.556

0.573

5.000

0.0110

4.760

1.063

0.197

0.626

0.525

0.593

10.000

0.0085

49.100

1.644

0.527

     

15.000

0.0077

 

2.212

1.077

     

20.000

0.0075

 

2.607

1.701

     

м/мoл*кг-1

KClO3

K2CrO4

KF

KH2PO4*

K2HPO4**

KI

KNO3

0.001

0.965

0.886

0.965

0.964

0.886

0.965

0.964

0.002

0.951

0.847

0.952

0.950

0.847

0.952

0.950

0.005

0.926

0.779

0.927

0.924

0.779

0.927

0.924

0.010

0.899

0.715

0.902

0.896

0.715

0.902

0.896

0.020

0.865

0.643

0.870

0.859

0.643

0.871

0.860

0.050

0.805

0.539

0.818

0.793

0.538

0.820

0.797

0.100

0.749

0.460

0.773

0.730

0.457

0.776

0.735

0.200

0.681

0.385

0.726

0.652

0.379

0.731

0.662

0.500

0.569

0.296

0.670

0.529

0.283

0.676

0.546

1.000

 

0.239

0.645

0.422

 

0.646

0.444

2.000

 

0.199

0.658

   

0.638

0.332

5.000

   

0.871

       

10.000

   

1.715

       

15.000

   

3.120

       

м/мoл*кг-1

KOH

K2SO4

LiBr

LiCl

LiClO4

LiI

LiNO3

0.001

0.965

0.885

0.965

0.965

0.966

0.966

0.965

0.002

0.952

0.844

0.952

0.952

0.953

0.953

0.952

0.005

0.927

0.772

0.929

0.928

0.931

0.930

0.928

0.010

0.902

0.704

0.905

0.904

0.908

0.908

0.904

0.020

0.871

0.625

0.877

0.874

0.882

0.882

0.874

0.050

0.821

0.511

0.832

0.827

0.843

0.843

0.827

0.100

0.779

0.424

0.797

0.789

0.815

0.817

0.788

0.200

0.740

0.343

0.767

0.756

0.795

0.802

0.753

0.500

0.710

0.251

0.754

0.739

0.806

0.824

0.726

1.000

0.733

 

0.803

0.775

0.887

0.912

0.743

2.000

0.860

 

1.012

0.924

1.161

1.197

0.837

5.000

1.697

 

2.696

2.000

   

1.298

10.000

6.110

 

20.0

9.600

   

2.500

15.000

19.9

 

147

30.9

   

3.960

20.000

46.4

 

486

     

4.970

м/мoл*кг-1

LiOH

Li2SO4

MgBr2

MgCl2

MgI2

MnBr2

MnCl2

0.001

0.964

0.887

0.889

0.889

0.889

0.889

0.888

0.002

0.950

0.847

0.852

0.852

0.853

0.853

0.850

0.005

0.923

0.780

0.790

0.790

0.791

0.791

0.786

0.010

0.895

0.716

0.733

0.734

0.736

0.735

0.727

0.020

0.858

0.645

0.672

0.672

0.677

0.674

0.662

0.050

0.794

0.544

0.593

0.590

0.602

0.595

0.574

0.100

0.735

0.469

0.543

0.535

0.556

0.543

0.513

0.200

0.668

0.400

0.512

0.493

0.535

0.508

0.464

0.500

0.579

0.325

0.540

0.485

0.594

0.519

0.437

1.000

0.522

0.284

0.715

0.577

0.858

0.650

0.477

2.000

0.484

0.270

1.590

1.065

2.326

1.224

0.661

5.000

0.493

 

36.1

14.40

109.8

6.697

1.539

м/мoл*кг-1

Mn(ClO4)2

NH4Cl

NH4ClO4

(NH4)2HPO4 **

NH4NO3

NaBr

NaBrO3

0.001

0.892

0.965

0.964

0.882

0.964

0.965

0.965

0.002

0.858

0.952

0.950

0.839

0.951

0.952

0.951

0.005

0.801

0.927

0.924

0.763

0.925

0.928

0.926

0.010

0.752

0.901

0.895

0.688

0.897

0.903

0.900

0.020

0.700

0.869

0.859

0.600

0.862

0.873

0.867

0.050

0.637

0.816

0.794

0.469

0.801

0.824

0.811

0.100

0.604

0.769

0.734

0.367

0.744

0.783

0.759

0.200

0.596

0.718

0.663

0.273

0.678

0.742

0.698

0.500

0.686

0.649

0.560

0.171

0.582

0.697

0.605

1.000

1.030

0.603

0.479

0.114

0.502

0.687

0.528

2.000

3.072

0.569

0.399

0.074

0.419

0.730

0.449

5.000

 

0.563

   

0.303

1.083

 

10.000

       

0.220

   

15.000

       

0.179

   

20.000

       

0.154

   

м/мoл*кг-1

Na2CO3

NaCl

NaClO3

NaClO4

Na2CrO4

NaF

Na2HPO4*

0.001

0.887

0.965

0.965

0.965

0.887

0.965

0.887

0.002

0.847

0.952

0.952

0.952

0.849

0.951

0.848

0.005

0.780

0.928

0.927

0.928

0.783

0.926

0.780

0.010

0.716

0.903

0.902

0.903

0.722

0.901

0.717

0.020

0.644

0.872

0.870

0.872

0.653

0.868

0.644

0.050

0.541

0.822

0.818

0.821

0.554

0.813

0.539

0.100

0.462

0.779

0.771

0.777

0.479

0.764

0.456

0.200

0.385

0.734

0.719

0.729

0.406

0.710

0.373

0.500

0.292

0.681

0.646

0.668

0.318

0.633

0.266

1.000

0.229

0.657

0.590

0.630

0.261

0.573

0.191

2.000

0.182

0.668

0.537

0.608

0.231

 

0.133

5.000

 

0.874

 

0.648

     

м/мoл*кг-1

NaI

NaNO3

NaOH

Na2SO3

Na2SO4

Na2WO4

NiBr2

0.001

0.965

0.965

0.965

0.887

0.886

0.886

0.889

0.002

0.952

0.951

0.952

0.847

0.846

0.846

0.853

0.005

0.928

0.926

0.927

0.779

0.777

0.777

0.791

0.010

0.904

0.900

0.902

0.716

0.712

0.712

0.735

0.020

0.874

0.866

0.870

0.644

0.637

0.638

0.675

0.050

0.827

0.810

0.819

0.540

0.529

0.534

0.596

0.100

0.789

0.759

0.775

0.462

0.446

0.457

0.546

0.200

0.753

0.701

0.731

0.386

0.366

0.388

0.514

0.500

0.722

0.617

0.685

0.296

0.268

0.320

0.535

1.000

0.734

0.550

0.674

0.237

0.204

0.291

0.692

2.000

0.823

0.480

0.714

0.196

0.155

0.291

1.476

5.000

1.402

0.388

1.076

       

10.000

4.011

0.329

3.258

       

15.000

   

9.796

       

20.000

   

19.410

       

м/мoл*кг-1

NiCl2

Ni(ClO4)2

Ni(NO3)2

Pb(ClO4)2

Pb(NO3)2

RbBr

RbCl

0.001

0.889

0.891

0.889

0.889

0.882

0.965

0.965

0.002

0.852

0.855

0.851

0.851

0.840

0.951

0.951

0.005

0.789

0.797

0.787

0.787

0.764

0.926

0.926

0.010

0.732

0.745

0.730

0.729

0.690

0.900

0.900

0.020

0.669

0.690

0.666

0.666

0.604

0.866

0.867

0.050

0.584

0.621

0.581

0.580

0.476

0.811

0.811

0.100

0.527

0.582

0.524

0.522

0.379

0.760

0.761

0.100

0.527

0.582

0.524

0.522

0.379

0.760

0.761

0.200

0.482

0.567

0.481

0.476

0.291

0.705

0.707

0.500

0.465

0.639

0.467

0.458

0.195

0.630

0.633

1.000

0.538

0.946

0.528

0.516

0.136

0.578

0.583

2.000

0.915

2.812

0.797

0.799

 

0.535

0.546

5.000

4.785

   

4.043

 

0.514

0.544

10.000

     

33.8

     

м/мoл*кг-1

RbF

RbI

RbNO3

Rb2SO4

SrBr2

SrCl2

SrI2

0.001

0.965

0.965

0.964

0.886

0.889

0.888

0.890

0.002

0.952

0.951

0.950

0.845

0.852

0.850

0.854

0.005

0.927

0.926

0.924

0.776

0.790

0.785

0.793

0.010

0.902

0.900

0.896

0.710

0.734

0.725

0.740

0.020

0.871

0.866

0.859

0.635

0.673

0.659

0.681

0.050

0.821

0.810

0.795

0.526

0.591

0.569

0.606

0.100

0.780

0.759

0.733

0.443

0.535

0.506

0.557

0.200

0.739

0.703

0.657

0.365

0.492

0.455

0.526

0.500

0.701

0.627

0.536

0.274

0.476

0.421

0.542

1.000

0.697

0.574

0.430

0.217

0.545

0.451

0.686

2.000

0.724

0.532

0.320

 

0.921

0.650

 

5.000

 

0.517

         

м/мoл*кг-1

UO2Cl2

UO2(NO3)2

ZnBr2

ZnCl2

ZnI2

   

0.001

0.888

0.888

0.890

0.887

0.893

   

0.002

0.851

0.849

0.854

0.847

0.859

   

0.005

0.787

0.784

0.794

0.781

0.804

   

0.010

0.729

0.726

0.741

0.719

0.757

   

0.020

0.666

0.663

0.683

0.652

0.708

   

0.050

0.583

0.583

0.606

0.561

0.644

   

0.100

0.529

0.535

0.553

0.499

0.601

   

0.200

0.493

0.509

0.515

0.447

0.574

   

0.500

0.501

0.532

0.516

0.384

0.635

   

1.000

0.601

0.673

0.558

0.330

0.836

   

2.000

0.948

1.223

0.578

0.283

1.062

   

5.000

 

3.020

0.788

0.342

1.546

   

10.000

   

2.317

0.876

4.698

   

15.000

   

5.381

1.914

     

20.000

   

7.965

2.968

     

Средний коэффициент активности электролита XaYb расчитывается:

где γ+ и γ активные коэффициенты индивидуальных ионов (которые не могут быть прямо измерены). В таблице приведен средний коэффициент активности электролитов в водных растворах как функция от концентрации.

* анион H2PO4.

** анион HPO4–2.

Данные взяты из работ:

  1. Hamer,W. J., and Wu, Y. C., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1, 1047, 1972.
  2. Staples, B. R., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6, 385, 1977; 10, 767, 1981; 10, 779, 1981.
  3. Goldberg, R. N. et al., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 7, 263, 1978; 8, 923, 1979; 8, 1005, 1979; 10, 1, 1981; 10, 671, 1981.

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